深国交哲学社 2023招新啦。。。哲学是所有学科之母你不了解下吗？

“未经思考的人生是不值得过的。” 

—— 苏格拉底, (?-前399年)

“如果上帝的右手握着真理， 左手握着对真理孜孜不倦的追求，说：‘你选其一吧，我将赐予你！’那么我一定会谦卑地选择他的左手，不论我将会在追寻真理的途中走上怎样的歧途。”

——莱辛（1729-1781）

“你为何学习哲学？”

"向苍蝇指出飞出瓶子的路。"

—— 维特根斯坦（1889-1951）

Intro

To

Philo

/// 01 ///

（如果你已经接触过哲学，请跳过这一节。我建议对哲学不熟悉的同学阅读本节内容，最好是边读边思考。）

等等！——在你继续阅读之前，我想问你一个问题：你现在在做什么？

“很简单，”你可能会想，“我正在看这篇文章，哲学社的推文。”

“好，”我说。你的回答似乎是正确的：你基本上可以确定你正在阅读这篇文章——更准确地说，是这个名为“简介”的部分。但我还有一个问题：你怎么知道你正在阅读它？

“这个不难，但是更可笑！”你可能会回答。“为什么，我很确定我在读你的文章，因为我能看到文字——白纸黑字，我能感觉到我的手指在触摸我的屏幕。这是证明我正在阅读你的文章的最有力证据。你为什么还要问我这个问题？”

“好的。但是你怎么知道你不是在做梦呢？这么说，你怎么知道你真的在用你的电子设备阅读，而不是躺在床上睡觉，梦见自己阅读这篇文章？你怎么能确定你不是《盗梦空间》中的角色？”这次我的问题可能有点难了。是啊，怎么能证明我不是在做梦呢？无论你如何努力证明，我总能提出一种可能性，即你并不像看起来那样“清醒”：例如，你可能被一个强大的恶魔所欺骗，诱使你认为你经历的都是真实的；或者有种更疯狂的说法，你可能只是一群邪恶科学家在科学实验中的一个“缸中之脑”：管子和导线将这个大脑连接到刺激源，给你一种好像你真的在经历一切的感觉，而事实上只是缸里的一个大脑。百分百证明你所经历的就是现实，似乎是不可能的。

现在，哲学登场了。

我刚才提出的问题是哲学中的一个经典问题，叫做“外部世界问题”，最早可以追溯到古希腊。哲学中还有许多其他类似的问题：它们很难回答（如果不是根本不可能回答的话）；它们深深地隐藏在我们的日常生活之下，以至于没有多少人真正注意到它们。尽管如此，如果你更深入地研究一个问题（像我刚才那样），你有时可能会瞥见它们。“你在干什么？”是一个如此简单常见的问题，但正如你所见，它能引入一个哲学难题。

与外部世界的问题类似，哲学中有道德的问题（什么是道德？道德是客观的还是主观的？有普遍的道德原则吗？），知识的问题（什么是知识？我们能知道什么吗？我们怎样才能获得知识？），存在的问题（“存在”是什么意思？为什么这个世界上存在着一些东西而不是什么都不存在？）。虽然这些问题是哲学的支柱，但哲学是一门综合性学科，几乎可以涉及你生活的每个领域。政治哲学、美学、语言哲学、历史哲学、科学哲学，甚至艺术哲学、电影、音乐、心理学、社会、医学……哲学几乎可以和所有其他学科联系在一起！

哲学家们尽管一直在思索，却并没有为这些问题提供完整的答案（他们和你我一样都是人类，不要把他们看得太高！）。哲学的核心不在于回答这些问题，而在于探索、反思、质疑、论证和完善的过程。哲学的美不在于其终点——而是思考这些难题的过程，让历史上无数优秀的天才为之着迷。另外，为了消除一些常见的误解，哲学不是一个“死”的学科——它不是要记住“谁说了什么”，而是要让你自己积极参与回答这些问题！每个人都可以是一个哲学家！

你也对这些问题感兴趣吗？你是那种花费数小时思考生命的意义、现实的本质和其他“无用”“不切实际”问题的人吗？如果是，不要犹豫，快加入我们！

Who

Are

We

/// 02 ///

我们是Think!深国交哲学社，旨在搭建一个交流文/史/政/哲、讨论时事的平台，让爱好人文社科、爱好思考、关注时事的同学找到志同道合的小伙伴。我们希望通过讲座和讨论会的形式，普及文史政哲理论，努力实现人文社科学科交互应用，在交流探讨中提升社员们的人文社科素养和批判性思考能力，并把学到的理论用在日常生活和对时事的思考中。

ECA Activity Time 社团时间: 

5:30-6:30周四下午5:30-6:30

(本社社活时间可以根据社员需求以及疫情管控情况灵活变化，如果你感兴趣的话，可以先加入我们的招新群！)

Come

Join 

Us!

/// 03 ///

我们想要怎样的社员？

1. 热爱思考， 敢于质疑和挑战权威

2. 关心时事， 想要加深对当今社会和世界的理解

3. 希望增进人文素养和批判性思维

4. 尊重包容， 愿意倾听持有不同意见的人，并乐于不断挑战自己的观念

社长寄语

Winnie Zhou, A2: 

希望哲学社是一个自由讨论、自由探索、自由沉思的平台，大家不需要因为已有知识储备的多少而相互畏惧，而是在秉承着对各自的基本尊重的前提下，一起通过讨论、思考来领略哲学的魅力，领略万物皆是哲学。

James He, A1: 

哲学是对人生和世界系统的、严谨的、彻底的思考。学习哲学能让你成为一个更好的思考者，能将自己的批判性思维和解决问题能力运用到人生的不同领域，也会让你成为一个更睿智、理性的人，过一种（用苏格拉底的话说）“经过审视”的人生。

如果你希望加入招新群，请关注本号，

并在公众号后台回复

"Think! Philosophy Club 2022-23"

和你的 国交学生号. 

🔍

文章 / James He

排版 / Winnie Zhou

-END-

“The unexamined life is not worth living.”

—— Socrates, (?-3998BC)

“If God were to hold all Truth concealed in his right hand, and in his left only the steady and diligent drive for Truth, albeit with the proviso that I would always and forever err in the process, and to offer me the choice, I would with all humility take the left hand.”

—— Gotthold Lessing (1729-1781)

“Why do you study philosophy?”

"To show the fly the way out of the fly bottle."

—— Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)

Intro

To

Philo

/// 01 ///

(If you have already been introduced to philosophy, please skip this section. I suggest those new to philosophy read it and better think along with it.)

Hold on a minute—before you read on, I want to ask you a question: what are you doing right now at this moment? 

“It’s easy,” you might think, “I’m reading this article, the advertisement for your Philosophy Club.” 

“Good,” I say. Your answer seems correct: you are most sure that you are reading this article—more precisely, this short section called “Introduction”. But I have another question: how do you know that you are reading it? 

“This one is not harder, if not more ridiculous!” you might respond. “Why, I know most certainly that I am reading your article, because I can see the words—in black and white, and I can feel my finger touching my screen. This is the soundest evidence to show that I am reading your article. Why would you even ask me this question?”

“Good. But how do you know that you are not dreaming? Say, how do you know that you are really reading it, with your electronic device, rather than sleeping in bed, dreaming of reading such an article? How can you be sure that you are not a character in Inception (if you’ve watched that film by Christopher Nolan, starring Leonardo DiCaprio)?” 

Well, this time my question may stump you a little bit. Yeah, how can I show that I am not dreaming? No matter how hard you try to prove it, I can always raise a possibility that you are not really as ‘awake’ as you seem to be: for example, you might be deceived by a powerful demon who coaxes you into thinking that what you experience is real; or in crazier terms, you might be only a brain in a vat in a scientific experiment by a group of evil scientists, with all tubes and wires connecting this brain to stimuli, giving you sensations as if you were really experiencing everything,  while in fact only a brain in the vat. It seems a nonstarter to 100% prove that you are experiencing the reality—even for a person as clever as you. 

Now enters philosophy. 

The question I just raised is a classical issue in philosophy called ‘the problem of the external world,’ which dates back to as early as Ancient Greece. There are many other questions like this in philosophy: they are difficult to answer (if not impossible to answer); they lie so deeply beneath our daily life that not many people actually notice them. Nonetheless, you may sometimes have a glimpse of them, if you dig deeper into a question (like how I questioned you just now). “What are you doing?” is so simple and common a question, but as you see, it can lead to a philosophical conundrum. 

Similar to the problem of the external world, in philosophy, there are the problems of morality (What is morality? Is morality objective or subjective? Is there a universal moral principle?), the problems of knowledge (What is knowledge? Can we know anything? How can we attain knowledge?), the problems of existence (What is meant by ‘existing’? Why does there exist something rather than nothing?). While these problems are the pillars of philosophy, philosophy is a comprehensive subject that can relate to almost every area of your life. There are political philosophy, philosophy of beauty (or best known as aesthetics), philosophy of language, philosophy of history, philosophy of science, and even philosophy of art, film, music, psychology, society, medicine…nearly every other subject! 

Philosophers do not provide a full answer to these problems (they are human beings just like you and me. Don’t think too highly of them!), though they seek to. The core of philosophy lies not in answering these questions but in the process of exploring, reflecting, questioning, arguing and refining. The beauty of philosophy lies not in the end—it is the process of thinking about these hard questions that fascinate so many of the best minds ever in history. And also, to bust some common misunderstandings, philosophy is not a ‘dead’ subject—it is not about memorizing ‘who said what,' but the active participation in tackling these problems yourself! 

Are you interested in these questions, too? Are you one of those people who spend hours and hours pondering the meaning of life, the nature of reality and other ‘useless’ ‘impractical’ questions? If yes, hesitate no more to join us! 

Who

Are

We

/// 02 ///

Think! SCIE Philosophy Club is a platform for all those who are interested in philosophy and who love thinking to communicate and exchange ideas on philosophy and philosophy-related areas (such as politics, history, literature etc.). We hope that we can provide a chance for you to make friends with like-minded schoolmates and discuss interesting topics together. We hope to popularize philosophical ideas via lectures and seminars, achieve interdisciplinary practice between the humanities and social sciences, improve literacy in the humanities and critical thinking of our members and to implement philosophical theories in our daily thinking about life and current affairs. 

ECA Activity Time: 

Thursday Afternoon 5:30-6:30

(This arrangement is tentative, pending the will of the majority of our members and the COVID-19 restrictions. You can join our group first and have a vote on what time is best for you!)

Come

Join 

Us!

/// 03 ///

What kind of members do we want? 

1. Enthusiastic about thinking, and daring to doubt and challenge the established.

2. Concerned with current affairs and hoping to think more deeply about our world and society

3. Hoping to improve literacy in the humanities and critical thinking

4. Respectful and open-minded, willing to respect those who disagree with you or know less than you and ready to challenge yourself

Words from club leaders

Winnie Zhou, A2: 

The Think! Philosophy Club is a platform for students to share their thoughts freely. Don't feel frightened if you are new to philosophy. Hope that you would enjoy it! 

James He, A1: 

Philosophy is the systematic, rigorous and fundamental reflection of our life and of the world. By learning philosophy, you will most certainly become a more capable thinker whose skills in critical thinking and problem solving are transferable to many other areas in your life, and a more rational, wiser person who is to lead, in Socrates’ words, an ‘examined’ life. 

To Join the Recruitment WeChat Group

Please Reply 

"Think! Philosophy Club 2022-23"

and your student number

to this WeChat Account. 

🔍

Article / James He

Formatting / Winnie Zhou

-END-

本篇文章来源于微信公众号:                 Think深国交哲学社

本篇文章来源于微信公众号:                 Think深国交哲学社